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1. Lysosymes break linkage between ………………. in bacterial cell wall.
a. N-acetyl muramic acid & L-alanine
b. N-acetyl muramic acid & N-acetyl glucose amine
c. N-acetyl muramic acid & D-alanine
d. N-acetyl muramic acid & first aminoacid in glycin chain

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2. Which property in bacteria makes them active in different ecological situations?
a. centriols b. wide metabolic potential
c. histones d. 80s ribosomes

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3. Which antibiotic is an inhibitor of bacterial cell wall?
a. cycloserine b. Azidothymidine
c. clindamycin d. erythromycin

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4. Which sentence is correct about bacterial cell wall?
a. D-alanine is the first aminoacid attached to N-acetyl muramic acid
b. L-lysine is the second amino acid of tetrapeptid chain in gram negative bacteria
c. DAP is the third aminoacid of tetrapeptid chain of gram negative bacteria
d. D-GLN is the fourth aminoacid of tetrapeptid chain of gram positive bacteria

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5. What is the chemical composition of cortex in bacterial spore?
a. Murein b. Teichoic acid c. LPS d. Trans amines

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6. Some parts of bacterial cell can be colored in microscopic view by the use of specific stains. Which of the following items is not correct?
a. Malachite green- spore b. Lugol’s iodine- inclusion body
c. Copper sulfate- capsule d. Feulgen- DNA

7. …………………. Inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking a lipid carrier.
a.Cephalosporin b. Phosphonomycin
c. bacitracin d. cycloserine

8. Oxygen is …………………….. in anaerobic respiration.
a. inhibitory
b. not required
c. provided from molecular oxygen
d. provided from oxygen-containing compounds

9. Siderophores are …………………….. .
a.iron chelators present in the bacterial cell
b. cation chelating agents in the organism
c. the most abundant polycationic compound in the cell
d. All are correct

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10. Plasmids are ………………………. .
a. extra chromosomal self-replicating DNA molecules
b. not extra chromosomal DNA molecules
c. chromosomal DNA molecules
d. extra chromosomal RNA molecules

11. What is the sulfonamide analogous in bacterial cell?
a. Folic acid b. Dihydrofolic acid
c. PABA d. Beta hydroxyl myristic acid

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12. Some bacteria can use CO2 as the sole carbon source and obtaining energy by oxidation & reduction of inorganic substances. These bacteria are classified as:
a. Chemolithotrophs b. Chemoheterotrophs
c. Photoautotrophs d. photoheterotrophs

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13. In bacterial electron transport chain, if the final electron acceptor is a component or an ion other than oxygen, this pathway is called as:
a. photosynthesis b. fermentation
c. anaerobic respiration d. nitrogen fixation

14. What is the end product of Entner-Dudoff pathway?
a. Ethanol-pyrovate b. Acetaldehyde-Ethanol
c. Pyrovate d. Acetaldehyde-CO2- Pyrovate

15. Which of the following bacteria can oxidize CH4 in aerobic condition and produce CO2?
a. Methylomonas b. Methnococcus c. Myxococcus d. Paracoccus

16. Perplasmic flagella are present in ……………….. .
a. Helicobacter b. Spirochete c. Treponema d. Clamydia

17. The term culture refers to the ……. growth of bacteria in …… .
a. rapid, an incubator b. macroscopic, media
c. microscopic, the body d. artificial, colonies

18. The time required for a cell to undergo binary fission is called the ………………. .
a.exponential growth rate b. growth curve
c. germination time d. lag period

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19. ………………. Is another term for biosynthesis.
a. catabolism b. metabolism c.anabolism d. catalyst

20. To digest cellulose in its environment, a microorganism produces a/an …………….. .
a. endoenzyme b. catalase
c. exoenzyme d. Polymerase

21. Fermentation of a glucose molecule gives off a net number of ……… ATP

. a. 4 b. 2 c. 40 d. 38

22. The compound that enters the TCA cycle from glycolysis is ………….. .
a. citric acid b. oxalic acid c. pyrovic acid d. acetyl co A

23. FADH2 formed during the TCA cycle. At which site it can enter to the electron transport system?
a. NADH dehydrogenase b. cytochrome
c. coenzyme Q d. ATP synthase

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24. An effective method of sterilizing heat sensitive liquids is ………. .
a. UV radiation b. Exposure to ozone c. beta propiolactone d. filteration

25. What does a bactericidal agent do?
a. kills spores b. inhibits bacteria
c. not effective against viruses d. destroys bacteria

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26. Which statement is not an aim in the use of drug in antimicrobial chemotherapy?
The drug should ………………………… .
a. have selective toxicity b. be active even in high dilutions
c. be broken down and excreted rapidly d.be microbicidal

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27. Drugs that prevent the formation of the bacterial cell wall are ……………….. .
a. quinolones b. beta-lactams c. tetracyclines d. aminoglycosides

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28. Which of the following modes of action would be most selectively toxic?
a. interrupting ribosomal function b. dissolving the cell membrane
c. preventing cell wall synthesis d. inhibiting DNA replication

29. The MIC is the ……….. of a drug is required to inhibit growth of a bacteria.
a. largest concentration b. standard dose
c. smallest concentration d. lowest dilution

30. The presence of a few bacteria in the blood is termed ……………….. .
a. septicemia b. bacteremia c. toxemia d. a secondary infection

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